Receding Gums: Causes and Treatments

Gum recession is a common dental issue that affects many people, often going unnoticed until it becomes a serious problem. It occurs when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth wears away or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth and its root.

This can lead to increased tooth sensitivity, a higher risk of cavities, and even tooth loss if left untreated. Understanding the causes and available treatments can help in preventing and managing this condition.

Causes of Receding Gums

Several factors can contribute to gum recession, including:

1. Poor Oral Hygiene – Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to plaque buildup, which can eventually cause gum disease and recession.
2. Aggressive Brushing – Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear down the gum tissue over time.
3. Gum Disease – Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are leading causes of gum recession due to inflammation and infection.
4. Genetics – Some people are genetically predisposed to gum recession and other dental issues.
5. Hormonal Changes – Changes in hormones, such as during pregnancy, menopause, or puberty, can make gums more sensitive and prone to recession.
6. Tobacco Use – Smoking or chewing tobacco can contribute to gum damage and increase the risk of recession.
7. Teeth Grinding and Clenching – Excessive pressure on teeth can lead to gum recession.
8. Crooked Teeth or Misalignment – Uneven pressure distribution due to misaligned teeth can cause gums to recede.

Treatments for Receding Gums

The treatment for gum recession depends on its severity. Here are some effective methods:

1. Improved Oral Hygiene – Brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush, flossing regularly, and using an antibacterial mouthwash can help prevent further gum recession.
2. Scaling and Root Planing – This deep cleaning procedure removes plaque and tartar buildup below the gum line, helping to stop further gum damage.
3. Gum Grafts – In severe cases, a gum graft may be required, where tissue is taken from another part of the mouth to cover exposed roots.
4. Pinhole Surgical Technique – A minimally invasive procedure that adjusts existing gum tissue to cover exposed roots without grafting.
5. Mouthguards for Grinding – If bruxism (teeth grinding) is a contributing factor, wearing a custom-fitted mouthguard can help protect the gums.
6. Orthodontic Treatment – Correcting misaligned teeth with braces or aligners can prevent uneven pressure, leading to recession.
7. Lifestyle Changes – Quitting smoking, reducing stress, and maintaining a healthy diet can support gum health.

Preventing Gum Recession

While some causes of gum recession are beyond control, many can be prevented by maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding aggressive brushing, and scheduling regular dental checkups. Being mindful of habits such as grinding teeth and tobacco use can also help keep gums healthy.

If you notice signs of gum recession, such as tooth sensitivity, longer-looking teeth, or bleeding gums, it is essential to consult a dentist as soon as possible. Early intervention can prevent further damage and help preserve your smile for years.